Te whakawātea āhua i roto i ngā pūtahi he mea whakawātea āhua e mōhiotia ana i raro i te wā e kore ana i a ia ki te hono ki tētahi kuhuanga waho. Ko tēnei momo hiko katoa e pā ana ki ngā pūtahi whakaoranga, ā, e pāngia ana e ratou ko ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā kaihoko. Ko te mōhio i te whakawātea āhua he mea nui, nā te mea e whakaheke ana i te oranga o te pūtahi me te whakamahi, e hiaoa ana i te hua o te āhua whakaora e mau ana, ā, e kore e whakamahi ana. Tērā pea ka noho koe i tētahi tūmomo kua kitea i te wā e rua wiki nei, ka kite atu koe i a ia kua hinga—ko tēnei whakawātea āhua e mahi ana i roto i ngā whatu, tae atu ki te wā e paraheke ana te hāpu mai i tētahi porangi.
He maha ngā whakaaweawe e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o te korenga o te paerahi, pēnei i te werawera, te mahi o te paerahi, me te nui o te paerahi. I runga tonu, ko ngā wā o te werawera e tūtonu ana ka whiuwhiu i te korenga o te paerahi, nō reira ko te werawera e āhei ana ki te whakapai i ngā whakareatanga matū i roto i te paerahi. Ki runga anō, ko ngā paerahi matū āheinga hou, pēnei iho i te paerahi matū lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), ka hangaia hei whakaiti i tēnei paihoro, tuku atu i ngā āhuatanga korenga iti i waenganui i ngā āhuatanga matū o mua. Nā reira, ka taea te whakahaere i ēnei āhuatanga hei whakatīngaro i te oranga me te whakapai o ngā reta paerahi, whakamana i te tiaki i te wā e hiahiatia ai te take.
Nui ake te wehi o ngā pūtahi iha rītana ki te whiwhi i te āhua e taea ana te whakamātau i te 80% o ō rātou kawe hoki, inahea nei ka noho kore rawa atu i ēnei marama, me whiwhi atu he wā e roa atu ana i te wā moe o ngā pūtahi matua. Ko tēnei āhuatanga ko tōna take nui hei āta tirotiro i ngā rangahau me ngā raraunga urupare, kei reira te hiahia nui ki te whakapono hoko i te wā e roa. Ko te itinga i te matei āpure he mea nui hei whakaaeae i ngā pūtahi kia whai hua me te whakapono, e hiahiatia ana i ngā tūtohitanga e hiahiatia ana i te kaiwhakarite i te wā e roa tonu ana. Ki te whakamahi hei raraunga hoki, ki te noho i ngā whakawhitinga whenua, ka whakaiti ēnei pūtahi i te hiko o ngā hiko kore kikokiko.
Te whakamahi i ngā pūtōki lithium-ion me te wehenga iti ā-waho ki roto i ngā rāngai tūrua o te waihotanga e whakatipu ana i te huanga matua o ēnei rāngai. Ki te iti i te tahutahu ēnei pūtōki, he nui ake te nohoanga i ngā momo whakamahi, pērā i te whakamahi pūtōki mō te waihotanga rāwhiti, ki reira ka āheinga ai te waihanga o te ēnei kua whakaaro hei whakaaturanga i te hīnati me te tirotiro ēnei. Ko te whakamahi i ēnei pūtōki ka taea e ngā whakamahi te whai i te whakahaere ēnei pai me te utu hanganga iti. He tūtohu pūmau hei whakamahia, ka tukuna i te huanga pai, ināianei mō ngā whakamahi e hiahia ana ki te whakapai i ngā rāngai tūrua rātau me te whakaiti haere ēnei.
Kei te whai mana ngā pū kaha lithium-ion mō ō rātou itinga iti whai wāhi i te whakamutu kaha, ka hokihoki i tēnā 1-2% no te marama. Ki runga i te āhua ki te pū kaha lead-acid, kei raro iho rātau i te āhuatanga whakamutu kaha o tēnā 10-15% marama-nui, me te NiMH pū kaha e tae ana ki waenganui i te 5-10%. Ko te tino whakapā mai nei he whakaaturanga i te pai ake o te hunga lithium-ion i roto i ngā mahi whakahaere kaha me te whakapono, nā reira ka nui ngā painga mō ngā tūranga matua, kei reira te whakapono nui ki te pū kaha.
Kei te whai painga ngā pūtahi lithium-ion i runga i ngā momo pūtahi matua nō te mohiotanga tuatahi hoki a rātou me te heke iti ake i te āheinga o te kawe mate. Ki te whai ake te mohiotanga tuatahi, ka tae atu te wero ki te whakarite i te waehanga motuhake hei whakamahere i te kaha e pā ana ki te wehenga iti, e hīkina nei te whanonga hē ki te wā. Nei anō hoki te whai ake i te mōhiohio i te hunga whakamahi, kei te hanga i te whiuwhiu herehere, kia taea e ngā whakamahi te haere ki te kotahi mea kore iho i te tirotiro ki te pai o te mahi. Ko ēnei whakapakari i a raro iho nei ko ngā pūtahi lithium-ion ko te kaitono rangatira i ngā rā katoa mō ngā ratonga whakamahere āhua hoki, e hāngai ana ki te whakahaere ēnei me te heke i ngā utu noa.
He aha te nuinga o ngā pū kāmuri ikae-niu: he pai noa rātou mō ngā rāngai whakamahana rāwhiti. Ko tā rātou take matua he āhei ki te whakapakari me te whakarato i te huringa mai i ngā papa rangi whakamahana, ā, hoki hākuwhata i ngā wā kāore i te rā. Ko tēnei e whai wāhi ana kia taea te whakamahi i te huringa i hanga i ngā wā e huringa nei te rā, kia whakapaihia ai te whakamahi i ngā whatunga rangi whakamahana. Ki te āhei rātou ki te whakarato i te huringa ki runga i te wā, ka whakapaihia e rātou te whakamutu huringa anō. Ko tēnei āhuatanga he nui rawa te take ki ngā tono huringa anō, nā tēnei ka whakapaihia te mahi pai me te whakatenetere o ngā rāngai whakamahana.
Kei roto i te ao o ngā mea hiko kaha, e whai ake ana ngā pūhiko ihonui lithium-ion i tētahi huanga nui. Kia tae mai ki tēnā, ka whakamana i ngā whare hiko pēnei i ngā pōkere mōmori, ngā paepae ā-tirohanga, me ngā rorohiko kia noho tautahata moe ai, kaua e hiahia ana ki te whakahoki i te wā moe tonu, ā, kia whai hua he pai me te manaaki i te hunga whakamahi. Ahakoa, kei roto i ngā motokā hiko, ka whai ake ēnei pūhiko i tētahi ara whakamahi hiko e whai hua haere ana. Ka whakapai rātau i te roa o te motokā me ngā take hokoora e utu nei, i te mea ka noho tonu te hiko i runga i ngā wā e hirahira ana, me te iti i te wā korenoa. Ko tēnei whakapono i te tirotiro hiko he mea nui ki te whakaaroaro i ngā hiahia e rerekē nei o ngā mea hiko kaha me ngā momo whakatere hiko motokā.
Te whakangungu i ngā wāhi taunga tōtika he mea nui mō te whirihiri i te mate huringa ēnei i ngā pūtau lithium-ion. I te whanonga tino pai, e hangaia ana ngā pūtau nei ki tēnā wāhi kuhu, kore hara, hei āwhina i te whakamāmā i te āhuatanga o te wehe ā-waihanga. Ko te rahi whakaaetanga kia utu ai ngā pūtau lithium-ion kei waenganui i te 20°C ki te 30°C (68°F ki te 86°F). He mea nui tēnei whakahaere o te werawera, no reira ka taea te whakapai i te mahi ekochemikarau, e hiahiatia ana te wehe ā-waihanga. Nei anō hoki, he mea nui te whakahaere i te hāwhe, inahea ko te wāhi hāwhe iti e āwhina ana ki te whakaiti i te āhuatanga o te wehe ā-waihanga. Nā reira, ka taea te whakatakoto i ēnei tohutohu taunga kia mau tonu ai te huringa o ngā pūtau.
He mea nui te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tika mō te whakarite me te tahua ki roto i te whakauru me te whakaputu i ngā pūtē tihi-ioni moe, kia tiakina te hauora me te roanga o ngā pūtē. Me whai i ngā momo whakarite whakauru tika, pērā i te whakawehi i te whakaputu i te wa tuatahi, e āhei ana ki te whānui i te wehenga i runga i te pūtē. Ko te tirohia noa iho i ngā rauemi whakauru he wakaaro hei whakamutu i ngā pūtē e noho ana i te tūtuatahi whakaputu mō ēnei wā e roa nei, ka heke i te matekura o ngā ratonga whakaputu ake. Ki te whakautu i ēnei tikanga, ka tiakina te matawhaiora me te mahi pai o te pūtē, kia tino whakarongo koe ki tana tūtonu mō ēnei wā e roa nei.
Te whakamua hou i ngā pūtake kaiwhakaatau paunu me te hanganga tirohanga tonu e whiwhi ana i te whenua o ngā rōpū ēneiti, inaianei i te kaupapa o te whakaiti i ngā ratonga ake ēneiti. Ko te hunga matatini kei te kaiwhakatutuki, e hiahia ana ki te whakaiti i ngā pūtake ēneiti me te whakapai i te haumaru. Kei tēnei whakamua ka whakapai mai i te paihere ēneiti o ngā wāhi whakapūmau, ā, ka whakahoki hoki i ngā take tuawhenua e whakamahi ana i ngā rerekē iti i ngā rerekē whero me te whakapai i te whakaoranga anō. Ki te kitea mai enei paunu matatini, ka noho ara whai hua, ka noho ara tika i ngā whakahaere ēneiti mō ngā tūranga katoa.
He nui ngā whakapuawaitanga o ngā pūtahi hokohoko iti mō te wāhanga ēneiti kaiwhakaata, tērā e whiwhi ana i tētahi take whakamana hei tiaki i te ēneiti tuatahi i whakaputa ai i ngā hanganga pūmau e hīa nei, pērā i te rā whero me te hau. Ki te nui ake te tono mō ngā whakarongo ēneiti pai, ka taea e ēneiti hokohoko iti nei te tiaki i te ēneiti i kitea ki te wā e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka whakangungu i te whanonga matua o ngā rangahau ēneiti. Ki te whakahaere pai i te tiaki i ngā pūtahi ēneiti, ka tautoko ngā pūtahi hokohoko iti i te whakauru o ngā rawa ēneiti pūmau, no reira ka noho ingoa matua te mahi i runga i te hunga whakamana taiao mō te ao whakatipu me te whakatika ēneiti.
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